Varieties of organised hypocrisy: security privatisation in UN, EU, and NATO crisis management operations

International organisations (IOs) have increasingly resorted to private military and security companies (PMSCs) as providers of armed protection, training, intelligence, logistics. In this article, we argue that IOs, seeking reconcile conflicting international norms member states’ growing unwillingness provide the manpower required for effective crisis management, decoupled their official policy on actual use PMSCs, thereby engaging in organised hypocrisy. Due its stricter interpretation like state monopoly violence, United Nations (UN) has showcased a more glaring gap between talk action than European Union (EU) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which display pragmatic, but not entirely consistent, approach PMSCs. By examining decoupling UN, EU, NATO contractor support doctrines operational records, article advances debate both privatisation